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The Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN; until 2004 Basic Income European Network) is a network of academics and activists interested in the idea of a universal basic income based solely on citizenship and not on work requirement or charity. It serves as a link between individuals and groups committed to or interested in basic income, and fosters informed discussion on this topic throughout the world. Their website defines a basic income as "an income unconditionally granted to all on an individual basis, without means test or work requirement." Formed in 1986, BIEN held its first international conference in Louvain-la-Neuve in September of that year. It expanded its scope from Europe to the Earth in 2004. From 1988 they published a paper newsletter three times per year; later replaced by an electronic newsletter distributed six times per year. Every two years, BIEN organises an international congress gathering academics and activists for basic income. The next congress will take place in Seoul, South Korea, in July 2016. BIEN has recognized 20 affiliated national networks〔http://basicincome.org/bien/aboutbien.html#na〕 across the world and two transnational networks.〔http://ubie.org/news/2014/06/ubie-affiliation-bien/〕 BIEN's secretaries have been Walter Van Trier (1986-1994), Philippe Van Parijs (1994-2004), David Casassas (2004-2014), and Anja Askeland (2014- ). ==See also== *Citizen's dividend *Negative income tax 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Basic Income Earth Network」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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